(B) STRA8 includes a putative simple helix-loop-helix (bHLH) area, a glutamic acid-rich region, and a putative high-mobility group (HMG) container area (see?Appendix?1). ENCSR563LLOFarnham P. 2011. E2F1 ChIP-seq on individual HeLa-S3. ENCODE. ENCSR000EVJSnyder M. 2017. FOXM1 ChIP-seq on individual K562. ENCODE. ENCSR429QPPSnyder M. 2017. FOXM1 ChIP-seq on individual HEK293T. ENCODE. ENCSR831EIWSupplementary MaterialsFigure 1source data 1: Supply data for RNA-seq analyses. elife-43738-fig1-data1.xlsx (10K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.005 Figure 2source data 1: Supply data for STRA8 binding at promoters. elife-43738-fig2-data1.xlsx (9.3K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.011 Figure 3source data 1: Supply data for RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses. elife-43738-fig3-data1.xlsx (10K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.014 Figure 4source data 1: Supply data for Figure 4 sections. elife-43738-fig4-data1.xlsx (12K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.018 Body 5source data 1: Source data for Body?5?analyses. elife-43738-fig5-data1.xlsx (9.9K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.020 Body 6source data 1: Supply data for CNCCTCAG?theme enrichment in meiotic genes. elife-43738-fig6-data1.xlsx (11K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.024 Supplementary file 1: Relevant gene lists generated by this research. elife-43738-supp1.xlsx (474K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.027 Supplementary document 2: STRA8 ChIP-seq position, RNA-seq data, and CNCCTCAG theme count for everyone protein-coding genes. elife-43738-supp2.xlsx (3.4M) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.028 Supplementary file 3: STRA8 ChIP-seq position and RNA-seq data for everyone meiotic prophase genes listed in Soh et al. (2015). elife-43738-supp3.xlsx (22K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.029 Supplementary file 4: Sequences used to create the phylogenetic tree. elife-43738-supp4.xlsx (9.7K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.030 Supplementary file 5: ENCODE datasets found in this research. elife-43738-supp5.xlsx (12K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.031 Supplementary file 6: Primer and oligonucleotide sequences found in this research. elife-43738-supp6.xlsx (12K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.032 Transparent reporting form. elife-43738-transrepform.docx (247K) DOI:?10.7554/eLife.43738.033 Data Availability StatementThe ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data generated within this research can be found at NCBI Gene Appearance Omnibus (accession amount “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE115928″,”term_id”:”115928″GSE115928). Gene lists generated within this research, including lists of genes differentially expressed at meiotic initiation, STRA8-bound genes, and STRA8-activated genes are available in Supplementary file 1. RNA-seq results and STRA8 binding status for all protein-coding genes are available in Supplementary file 2, as are the numbers of CNCCTCAG promoter motifs for all genes. Data for a meiotic prophase gene list described previously (Soh et al., 2015) are available in Supplementary file 3. The ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data generated in this study are available at NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (accession number “type”:”entrez-geo”,”attrs”:”text”:”GSE115928″,”term_id”:”115928″GSE115928). Gene lists generated in this study, including lists of genes differentially expressed at meiotic initiation, STRA8-bound genes, and STRA8-activated genes are available in Supplementary file 1. RNA-seq results and STRA8 binding status for all protein-coding genes are available in Supplementary file 2, as are the numbers of CNCCTCAG promoter motifs for all genes. Data for a meiotic prophase gene list described previously (Soh et al., 2015) are available in Supplementary file 3. Source data files have been provided for Figures 1-6. The following dataset was generated: Kojima ML, Page DC. 2018. Characterization of molecular changes at meiotic initiation in mice. NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. GSE115928 The following previously published datasets were used: Merkin JJ, Burge CB. 2012. Evolutionary dynamics of gene and isoform regulation in mammalian tissues. NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. GSE41637 Ren B. 2012. H3K4me1 ChIP-seq on 8-week mouse testis. ENCODE. ENCSR000CCV Snyder M. 2011. E2F4 ChIP-seq on mouse CH12 produced by Safinamide Mesylate (FCE28073) the Snyder lab. ENCODE. ENCSR000ERU Snyder M. 2011. E2F4 ChIP-seq on mouse MEL produced by the Snyder lab. ENCODE. ENCSR000ETY Wold B. 2011. E2F4 ChIP-seq on mouse C2C12 differentiated for 60 hours. ENCODE. ENCSR000AII Snyder M. 2016. E2F1 ChIP-seq on human K562. ENCODE. ENCSR563LLO Farnham P. 2011. E2F1 ChIP-seq on human HeLa-S3. ENCODE. ENCSR000EVJ Snyder M. 2017. FOXM1 ChIP-seq on human K562. ENCODE. ENCSR429QPP Snyder M. 2017. FOXM1 ChIP-seq on human HEK293T. ENCODE. ENCSR831EIW Abstract The germ line provides the cellular link between generations of multicellular organisms, its Safinamide Mesylate (FCE28073) cells entering the meiotic cell cycle only once each generation. However, the mechanisms governing this initiation of meiosis remain poorly understood. Here, we examined cells undergoing meiotic initiation in mice, and we found that initiation involves the dramatic upregulation of a transcriptional network of thousands of genes TPOR whose expression is not limited to meiosis. This broad gene Safinamide Mesylate (FCE28073) expression program is directly upregulated by STRA8, encoded by a germ cell-specific gene required for meiotic initiation. STRA8 binds its own promoter and those of thousands of other genes, including meiotic prophase genes, factors mediating DNA replication and the G1-S cell-cycle transition, and genes that promote the lengthy prophase unique to meiosis I. We conclude that, in mice, the robust amplification of this extraordinarily broad transcription program by a common factor triggers initiation of meiosis. the decision to embark on the one and only one meiotic program per generation has been less studied, perhaps because the regulation of meiotic initiation is less conserved (Kimble, 2011). Because dissecting this transition requires access to cells on the cusp of meiosis, meiotic initiation has been studied most in budding yeast, which can be induced to undergo synchronous meiotic entry; there the transcription factor Ime1 upregulates meiotic and DNA-replication genes (Kassir et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1990; van Werven and Amon, 2011). In multicellular organisms with a segregated germ line,.